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Trying to figure out the right way to grow potted tomatoes without killing them? We’ll show you the five most common ways people kill their potted tomato plants, and how you can avoid making the same mistakes in order to enjoy piles of fresh tomatoes this summer.
Last updated: May 7, 2019
We’re not judging you. After all, you didn’t intend to murder your potted tomato plants. It just seemed to happen.
In the spring, you started with the noblest of intentions. You filled your pots with soil, plopped in some tomato plants or seeds, then waited.
Things started off well… Your tomato plants looked happy and started growing. Then along came summer and soon your tomato plants were limp, brown, and crispy. Those bountiful summer-long harvests you’d hoped for didn’t quite materialize.
“Next time will be different,” you tell yourself.
Well, we’re here to help make sure that your next time (right now) is different! Below are the top-5 reasons that potted tomato plants die, and how you can avoid these problems with your potted tomato plants this summer.
We want you to grow piles of gorgeous heirloom potted tomatoes this summer. These are ‘Black Beauties’.
Top 5 Reasons You Kill Your Potted Tomato Plants… And How To Get It Right Next Time
1. Wrong Sized Pots for Tomato-Sized Plants
As kids grow, they need bigger clothes. Planting a large indeterminate tomato in a 1 gallon pot will eventually work out like trying to put your college kid into toddler clothing.
The roots will end up strangling each other, the plant won’t be able to get enough water or nutrition, and eventually it will die.
Solution:
Get the right size containers for your tomatoes (see below). As we’ve written about here, pot sizes are not standardized and are notoriously difficult to decipher.
However, here are some general recommended minimum pot size numbers for you to work with depending on the type of tomato you’re growing:
- Micro-dwarf tomato varieties – minimum 3 gallon pots/grow bags
- Dwarf tomato varieties – minimum 4 gallon pots/grow bags
- Large/indeterminate tomato varieties – minimum 6-8 gallon pots/grow bags
Keep in mind that these are *minimum* sizes, which means these are the smallest sizes at which you can expect your tomato plants to be able to grow well. Larger sized containers would be ideal.
*Each sized pot and growbag listed above is available in the GrowJourney organic supply store, which is conveniently sectioned off by container size (in gallons).
2. Water Stress
In the intense heat of summer, tomato plants need lots of water – and they need consistent water. Planted in the ground, their large root systems and mychorrhizal fungi partners can source water from a large growing radius.
However, when grown in pots/containers, tomato plants can only access whatever water is immediately in the pot. Making matters worse, the water in the potting soil is warmed faster (heated from all sides) and evaporates faster than it does when it’s in good in-ground garden soil.
Tomato plants growing in a pot of dried out soil get stressed. Severely stressed plants are more prone to disease and are unable to set fruit or carry their fruit to maturity. Depending on how dry they get, your potted tomato plants may even die.
Solutions:
A. If growing tomato plants in conventional pots & grow bags…
Place saucers under your pots/grow bags to trap the water that flows through the pot when it rains or gets irrigated.
Also, when you’re watering your pots, fill the saucers up in the morning (if the saucers are empty) so that the water is soaked upwards through capillary action, helping ensure better moisture distribution.
B. If growing tomato plants in sub-irrigated planters…
If you haven’t already invested in pots, we highly recommend getting sub-irrigated planters (SIPs) instead. Read all about SIPs here, including how to make your own.
SIPs are much more water-efficient than traditional pots. Depending on the SIP you get, you may only need to fill the water basin 1-2 times per week in the summer, rather than watering every day like you need to with traditional pots and grow bags.
Another problem many gardeners run into when trying to grow potted tomatoes is “blossom end rot,” a dark rotten spot on the bottom of a tomato. Common causes of blossom end rot is inadequate water, calcium deficiency, and too much nitrogen fertilizer. Pot saucers and SIPs can help prevent blossom end rot as well.
*Saucers for every pot size plus our top-recommended sub-irrigated planters are available here in our store.
Fresh-picked and stunningly beautiful ‘Pink boar’ tomatoes from our back porch taste as good as they look.
3. Wrong Type of Soil
Soil is soil, right? Nope.
As we’ve written about here, seed starting mix, potting soil, and garden soil are each quite different. If you dig soil out of your garden and plop it in to your pots, it will soon form an impenetrable brick, choking your tomato plants’ roots in the process.
Solution:
Make sure you use a good OMRI listed/organic POTTING soil (like this one) in your pots. Do NOT use garden soil.
4. Inadequate Nutrition
If you notice your tomato leaves looking yellow or your plants not growing, that’s more than likely due to inadequate nutrition.
For in-ground garden plants, we highly recommend focusing on biological soil fertility, e.g. developing the microbiology of your soil with composts and mulches to the point that your plants don’t need any chemical or mineral fertilizers.
However, inside a pot, nutrition is limited by space and the microbes are accordingly limited in how much nutrition they can cycle or source for your plants.
Solution:
Even though your potting mix starts off with some fertilizer already in it, you’ll still need to plan to fertilize your potted tomato plants multiple times over the summer growing season.
Two good OMRI listed organic fertilizer options for potted tomato plants:
- liquid kelp emulsion,
- dry/granulated pellet fertilizer formulated specifically for tomatoes and similar veggies.
5. Airborne Diseases
Sometimes you do everything right, but an airborne foliar/leaf disease (fungal or bacterial) comes along and slowly infects your previously glorious potted tomato plants.
The leaves start turning brown or getting spots all over them. Then it spreads, either killing the plant or taking enough leaves to drastically reduce fruit production.
In an organic garden or farm, you fight biology with biology and you try to design your system so as to prevent problems from happening in the first place.
Solution:
We love making actively aerated worm casting “tea” to use as a soil and leaf drench on our plants. However, that might be a little more work than most gardeners want to go through.
Thankfully, there’s a fantastic organic solution that also comes in an easy-to-use spray bottle: Serenade. Serenade is a strain of beneficial bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) that either consumes or outcompetes a huge number of pathogenic bacterial and fungal species. And, yes, it’s completely safe to humans, pets, and pollinators. You can eat your produce the same day as you apply Serenade.
For best results, we recommend using Serenade preemptively before you start noticing leaf diseases on your plants. However, it also works as a treatment. Spray on early in the morning or late in the evening once per week on a dry (non-raining) day to allow the beneficial bacteria adequate time to set on your leaves. If rain is frequent, use it more often.
- If you have a spray bottle and lots of plants, get the Serenade concentrate and make it as often as needed.
- If you don’t have a spray bottle or a lot of plants, a single ready-to-use bottle of Serenade will get you through the summer.
Another tip to prevent tomato diseases in your potted plants: don’t grow tomatoes in the same potting soil year after year, especially if your tomato plants had diseases last year. Use different types of plants or start with new potting soil this year.
Additional Tomato Growing (and Using) Resources:
- How to graft heirloom tomatoes on to disease-resistant rootstock
- How to make your own large, indestructible tomato cages that will last for decades
- GrowJourney’s complete guide to growing tomatoes
- 18 simple recipes to help you use up lots of tomatoes
We hope this information was helpful! Have questions? Ask away in the comments section below.
The featured image for this article is a tomato harvest from Monika Melsha, who grows amazing potted tomatoes each summer in Plymouth, MN.
My tomatoes are now rotting on the bottom as they get ready to ripen. What might be wrong?
Bob, sounds like blossom end rot, which is quite common with potted tomatoes. It could be caused by one or all of these factors: a) calcium deficiency in your soil, b) too much nitrogen fertilizer, or c) fluctuating soil moisture (such as lots of rain one week, followed by dry weather for a week or two).
Make sure that you maintain even soil moisture as the fruit is setting and maturing, as that is most likely to be the cause. If it’s calcium deficiency, you may want to throw some egg shells into a blender and work the powdered shell into the soil around the root systems or get a calcium-based foliar spray since tomato plants can also absorb calcium through their leaves.
Can I put last year’s soil in the compost pile and work it over the winter and then use it in the spring for my tomatoes in the grow bags?
Hi Sally! You can, but…
1) The materials you put in compost are supposed to be either browns (carbon-rich materials like dried leaves, wood chips, etc) or greens (nitrogen-rich materials like food scraps, green grass clippings, etc). Technically, your soil doesn’t really fall into either of these categories since the raw materials (browns and greens) have already been broken down to form soil in the first place.
2) If you’re re-using soil from disease-prone crops like tomatoes each year, you’re more likely to build up tomato diseases in your soil/compost than if you start with fresh materials. The exception to this would be if you’re able to make hot compost using the Berkley Method or similar methods that bring the temperature of your compost up over 130 degrees F to kill off plant diseases and pathogens. That takes quite a bit of work because it requires you to turn and aerate your compost regularly. Most home gardeners just do a slow cold composting method which does not kill of plant diseases/pathogens or weed seeds.
Bottom line recommendation: We’d recommend you NOT reuse your old tomato soil on your tomato plants from year to year to minimize tomato diseases. Rather than throw it out, put it in beds where you have perennial plants growing (bushes, flower beds, etc). Or if you notice your tomato plants are having diseases, you may want to go ahead and remove the old soil from your property to prevent future disease spread.
Does this info answer your questions?
That blossom end rot when it rains a lot R you have to water a lot it is calcium and magnesium deficiency thoes minerals get diluted which most fertilizers have try getting your ph correct around 6 and your plant can take enough of what is needs to prevent end rot. Get ph test kit. You also won’t have to use as much fertilizers either and yes the eggshells in blender great idear get calcium to your plant. Also get blossom end rot spray at your local garden store GOOD GARDENING
My tomato seedlings have developed white spots and the leaves are falling off. The spots are on the stalk as well. Can you help me?
Are the white spots on your tomato leaves insects or are they part of the leaf? It almost sounds like you’re describing wooly aphids, which are small sap-sucking insects. They can be killed using neem oil or horticultural oil – or simply removed by hand if you only have a few plants.
My tomatoes in pots have some yellow leaves at the bottom , which I removed, but am worried that other may develop. What might this be? Could they need lime?
It’s hard to know for certain without seeing a picture. Is there any spotting on the leaves or other discoloration? If so, then it may be any number of fungal or viral diseases that impact tomatoes. Yellowing leaves on the bottom of a tomato plant can also means a nitrogen deficiency, stress from inadequate water, or just the plant dropping its bottom leaves/branches as it grows and the lower branches get shaded out. Feel free to shoot us a picture of the leaves if you’d like us to try to give a better diagnosis.
My Tomato Plants are around three feet tall.leaves are starting to turn yellow on the Bottom.Some of the yellow blooms are not providing the small balls that I normally see .Where are the Tomatoes
Without more information, it’s tough to give a diagnosis with a high degree of confidence. It sounds like you may have two separate issues: 1) leaf/foliar disease, and 2) lack of fruit set. With the first issue, you’ll want to go ahead and remove those yellowing lower branches by cutting them off back to the stem of the plant, then removing the trimmed branches from the area. The second issue (no/low fruit set) is likely due to one of two things: a) as daytime temperatures start staying above 90 degrees F, this can cause tomato plants not to set fruit; or b) tomato flowers are self-fertile, but if wind or pollinators aren’t present, the pollen won’t drop inside the flower, so no pollination/fruit set will occur.
Are your tomato plants outside in the ground? Inside in a pot? Do you feel confident you’re not over or under-watering them, which could cause stress or disease? Do you feel confident they have the right amount of soil fertility so the plants aren’t nutrient-deprived and stressed? Happy plants tend to be better at fighting disease and producing fruit.
Hope this info helps!
the leaves are curling
Thank you for all the information what is the best method to grow tomatoes and other vegies in my 6 ft hot house as it is difficult to have full sun in there
That’s a different setup than growing tomatoes in the open in your garden. For starters, if you don’t have full sun in there, you’re going to want to grow smaller-fruited varieties (cherries or currants) because larger tomatoes take a lot of sun/photosynthesis to produce. You may want to also go with a trellis method, like the “Florida weave” or something similar to maximize production per square footage.
Hello-I am planting tomatoes in containers for the first time. I have picked out half barrels for the container. I am using Happy frog soil. I was wondering if I should add composted cow manure to the mix? Or extra worm castings? I want to try and get my soil mixture right. Thanks
Happy Frog potting soil will get your plants off to a great start. Depending on the exact mix you bought, it probably already has worm castings in it. (Just look at the material list on the bag to see if it includes worm castings.) Worm castings are more akin to a probiotic than a chemical/mineral fertilizer, and you really can’t apply too much worm castings whereas you can definitely apply too much fertilizer. If in doubt, add more worm castings (if your budget allows). Well-composted manures (e.g. they’ve been hot composted) tend to be higher in immediately bioavailable nutrients like nitrogen than worm castings. So my recommendation: add worm castings if the potting soil you have doesn’t already contain them, and add composted manure and/or slow release fertilizer later in the season as your plants need a nutrition boost.